The minority view links the origins of Indo-European with the spread of farming from Anatolia 8,000-9,500 years ago. The term paganism, used by me and some others who are academics, roughly refers to pre-Christian, socioreligious-cultural-based traditions which were polytheistic (worshiped multiple entities), and to me, I speculate also involve elements of Animism, Totemism, and shamanism; which together with polytheism are what I call paganism. Jamnaja-Kultur - Wikipedia R-M780 occurs at high frequency in South Asia: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Himalayas. The majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter proto-languages (such as Proto-Germanic and Proto-Indo-Iranian), and many of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result. ref, PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from 4500to 2500BCE or 6,521-4,521 years ago, during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years. Epigravettians Join the Religious Partying at Gobekli Tepe? At least three deities, Tabiti, Papaios, and Api, are generally interpreted as having Indo-European origins, while the remaining have seen more disparate interpretations. A more recent study by Cooke et al. The Yamnaya were able to domesticate horses earlier than any other culture in Eurasia. 3,500 years ago or so, the Vedic Age began in India after the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization. *developed stage of organized religion is 5,000 years ago. Possibly a forebear of the Corded Ware Culture or Kurgan Culture in the area. A 2022 study published inScientific Reportsanalyzed 18 new unrelated Trypillians from the Verteba Cave in Ukraine. Some of it was already present in Russia during the Mesolithic period, but the largest East Asian migration to Europe took place with the arrival of Proto-Uralic people during the Neolithic. Remains found at an excavation site used in the study, which has revealed clues to the Yamnaya Cultures migration to Europe. Rationalist, Writer, Artist, Poet, Philosopher, Advocate, Activist, Psychology, and Armchair Archaeology/Anthropology/Historian. R-Z93* or R1a1a1b2* (R1a1a2* in Underhill (2014)) is most common (>30%) in the South Siberian Altai region of Russia, cropping up in Kyrgyzstan (6%) and in all Iranian populations (1-8%). Your email address will not be published. revealed with transposon display and interpretation to crop evolution of foxtail millet. Pottery consists mainly of egg-shaped beakers with pronounced rims. In other words, unless cereal cultivation was a much more important aspect of the Yamnaya culture than recent archaeological interpretations suggest, this culture does not offer a perfect archaeolinguistic match for the original language community of the core Indo-European branches, including Tocharian. For example,Martin LuthersTischredenhave numerous quite serious references to dealing withkobolds. It is therefore extremely likely that the N1c1 subclade found in Europe today has its roots in the Chinese Neolithic. "The Yamnaya culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans, and the Pontic-Caspian steppe is the strongest candidate for the Urheimat (original homeland) of the Proto-Indo-European language. To me, thefemale goddessseems to have either emerged or become prominent around 11,000-10,000 years ago or so, losing the majority of its once prominence around 2,000 years ago due largely to the now favored monotheismmale godthat grow in prominence after 4,000 years ago or so. This anthology of ancient and fresh archaeological artifacts paints a cohesive arc from the beginning of the chalcolithic to the first empires of Uruk and Egypt, ignited around the Black Sea by the Kurgan Copper revolution. ref. In this new study, Graham Harvey explores current and past animistic beliefs and practices of Native Americans, Maori, Aboriginal Australians, and eco-pagans. Yamnaya culture or at least Proto-Indo-European Languages - Patreon As cultures, we identify ourselves through the collective dreams we call creation myths, or, A philosophical and theological elaboration of the primal myth of creation within a religious community. , which give life to human bodies come from nature and return to it after death. An alternative system based on six recurring narrative themes was designed by Raymond Van Over: Sumerian religion/ Mesopotamian mythology. 43,000-33,000 years old Aurignacian Figurine Marks, like at the Swabian Jura caves in Germany, 41,000-20,000-year-old Upper Paleolithic Tally sticks. The period around 2000 BCE was marked by two migration waves moving in opposite directions. They are (linguistic) descendants of the people of the Yamnaya culture (c.3600-2300 BCE) in Ukraine and southern Russia, and settled in the area from Western Europe to India in various migrations in the third, second, and early first . A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire. I am a revolutionary that teaches in public, in places like social media, and in the streets. They must have adopted the ways of the migrants through acculturation, and if weve found one in a kurgan - the highest-status form of burial available at that place and time - then there were almost certainly many others who didnt receive that treatment. Photograph by istock and altered by Jennifer Carling/Harvard Magazine. The appearance of the Maykop culture in the Northern Caucasus represents a signifi cant marking point at that time. With respect to Y-DNA haplogroup, three carried G2a2b2a3, two G2a2a1a, one G2a2a1, G2a2a1a3, C1a, I2a1a2a-L161.1, I2a2a1, and I2c, while mtDNA haplogroup, two J1c2, K1a2, T2b and one H, H15a1, H40, J1c5, K1a1b1, K1b1. It's calledThe Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World. City goddesses include:Mumbadevi(Mumbai),Sachchika(Osian); Kuladevis include:Ambika(Porwad), andMahalakshmi. Gramadevataare guardian deities of villages. speakers of Proto-Indo-European. However, this change was gradual, and it appears that older populations did not mix with the newcomers for many centuries in prehistoric Switzerland and adjacent regions. Latin is not very old language in relation to Sanskrit. I wish people fought as hard for the actual values as they fight for the group/clan names political or otherwise they think support values. Atutelary(alsotutelar) The Greeks also thought deities guarded specific places: for instance,Athenawas the patron goddess of the city ofAthens. ref, Astrologyis a range ofdivinatorypractices, recognized aspseudoscientificsince the 18th century,that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions ofcelestial objects. Changes were initiated including unambiguous evidence of horse riding (prehistoric cavalry) and the introduction of metal weapons such as shafthole axes and spearheads. Based on their study, the researchers believe they have shown that the group from the Pontic Steppe was a relatively homogenous population that occupied large parts of Central Europe in the Early Bronze Age , reports Heritage Daily . These Mesolithic hunter-gatherer cultures are substantially replaced in theNeolithic Revolutionby the arrival ofEarly European Farmers(EEF) lineages derived from Mesolithic populations of West Asia (Anatoliaand theCaucasus). Paganism (from classical Latin refers to rural, rustic, later civilian) is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people who practiced polytheism. ref, However, Paganism as a term of meaning represents a wide variety of traditions that emphasize reverence for nature and a revival of ancient polytheistic and animistic religious practices. We used three recently active transposons (TSI-1,TSI-7, andTSI-10) as genome-wide markers and succeeded in demonstrating geographical structures of the foxtail millet. Other species include bread wheat and, occasionally, broomcorn millet, along with pea, bitter vetch, pulses, and grapes. ref, Centered on the Dnieper in Ukraine and extending east to the Don. Such king gods are collectively categorized as , deities, with a polarity between sky and earth often being expressed by pairing a sky father god with an , are less frequent). They are often set in a dim and nonspecific past that historian of religionMircea Eliadetermedin illo tempore(at that time). They are all stories with aplotandcharacterswho are eitherdeities, human-like figures, or animals, who often speak and transform easily. The Dark Ages Germanic invasion of Britain is looking increasingly like a climate catastrophe refugee migration (albeit well-armed) into an area that may have been partially depopulated by an epidemic. All of that seems to match the Yamnaya both on the steppe and in their new home in the Hungarian Plain. They were not able to stand on a flat surface, suggesting that some method of supporting or carrying must have been in use, perhaps basketry or slings, for which the rims would have been a useful point of support. Sherds of pottery and stone tools dont tell easily accessible stories. The Yamnaya culture was an important stepping stone in the rise of the Indo-Europeans and the spread of the Indo-European languages. ref, Around 5,000 years ago,Origin of Logicsis a Naturalistic Observation (principles of valid reasoning, inference, & demonstration)ref, Around 4,150 to 4,000 years ago: The earliest surviving versions of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, which was originally titled He who Saw the Deep (Sha naqba muru) or Surpassing All Other Kings (Shtur eli sharr) were written. R-M458 is a mainlySlavicSNP, characterized by its own mutation, and was first calledcluster N.Underhill et al. It is reported in modern-day Europeans (7%25%), but not of Europeans before the Bronze Age. TheCapitoline TriadofJuno,Jupiter, andMinervawere also tutelaries of Rome. They were also worshiped as deities. In Scotland this same Brownie is well known. These results are even earlier than in other parts of Europe, including Britain, Germany and Iberia. Cultivating the soil (using anardor scratch plough), harvesting crops, and tending livestock was probably the main occupation for most people. Among other comparisons, possibly from Uralic mythological analogies, the mythologies ofOb-UgricpeoplesandSamoyedic peoplesare mentioned. The team from the University of Helsinki and . After the formation of the core Indo-European dialect continuum in this area after ca. The people of the Yamnaya culture were a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture in the Pontic Caspian Steppe. Yamnaya culture - Wikiquote One people that was particularly important in the spread of both early Bronze-Age technologies and genetics were the Yamnaya. Around 2,570 to 2,270 Years Ago, there is a confirmation of atheistic doubting as well as atheistic thinking, mainly by Greek philosophers. animist, totemist, shamanist & paganist, *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife (you are a hidden animist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects (you are a hidden totemist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife (you are a hidden shamanist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife who are guided/supported by a goddess/god or goddesses/gods (you are a hidden paganist). Around 3,450 or 3,250 years ago, according to legend, is the traditionally accepted period in which the Israelite lawgiver, Moses, provided the Ten Commandments. First proto-king in the Balkans, Varna culture around 6,500 years ago? Gods too are the myths of cultures that did not understand science or the world around them, seeing magic/supernatural everywhere. Most controversial are bone plaques of horses or double oxen heads, which were pierced. There are 98 Transeurasian languages, including Korean, Japanese, and various Turkic languages in parts of Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, and Siberia, various Mongolic languages, and various Tungusic languages in Manchuria and Siberia. In the Early and Middle Bronze Age (4th3rd millennia BCE), advanced pastoral cultures emerged in the Circumpontic Metallurgical Province. Changes in material style were much more likely to be the result of organic developments, they thought, as the social order shifted, elites emerged and fell, and new ideas about organizing society took hold. We atheists too often feel a need to help the victims of mental slavery, held in the bondage that is the false beliefs of gods and the conspiracy theories of reality found in religions. Although the mythological motifs are not directly attested since Proto-Indo-European speakers lived in preliterate societies scholars of comparative mythology have reconstructed details from inherited similarities found among Indo-European languages, based on the assumption that parts of the Proto-Indo-Europeans original belief systems survived in the daughter traditions. ref, The Proto-Indo-European pantheon includes a number of securely reconstructed deities, since they are both cognates linguistic siblings from a common origin , and associated with similar attributes and body of myths: such as *Dyws Phtr, the daylight-sky god; his consort *Dm, the earth mother; his daughter *Hwss, the dawn goddess; his sons the Divine Twins; and *Sehul, a solar goddess. Who were the Groups migrating and merging with the previous Groups of Europe 9,000 to 7,000 years ago? Seonangshinis the patron deity of the village in Korean tradition and was believed to embody theSeonangdang. But controversy remains about the time and place of the origins of the family. Iran Neolithics were later replaced by Iran Chalcolithics, who were a mixture of Iran Neolithic and Near Eastern Levant Neolithic.ref, Ancient Beringian/Ancestral Native Americanare specific archaeogenetic lineages, based on the genome of an infant found at the Upward Sun River site (dubbed USR1), dated to 11,500 years ago. While working their way across Asia through mountain valleys, pastoralists incorporated crops into their own way of life., We also find that the majority of the East Eurasian ancestry in the Shirenzigou individuals is-related to northeastern Asian populations, while the West Eurasian ancestry is best presented by 20% to 80% Yamnaya-like ancestry. Unlike the archaeological Yamnaya homeland, the linguistic homeland of the core Indo-European language community cannot be located in the eastern steppe, but must be situated around, and extending to the west of, the Dnieper River. In the late 3rd millennium BCE, military-oriented stockbreeding societies emerged in Eastern Central Asia (Sayan-Altai and Mongolia). The Yamnaya culture was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers (the Pontic steppe), dating to 3300-2600 BC. Charles Longwrites: The beings referred to in the myth gods, animals, plants are forms of power grasped existentially. Nefer Say Nefer - Was Nefertiti Buried in the Valley of the Queens? Freud preferred to emphasize the psychoanalytic implications of the reification of metaphysical forces, but with particular emphasis on its familial nature. An archaeologist once said to me Damien religion and culture are very different. It was a little over a decade ago that the evolutionary biologist Eske Willerslev successfully applied innovative DNA analysis and decoding technology to unlock genetic secrets from the past. Dakiniis the patron of those who seek knowledge.ref. Socratesspoke of hearing the voice of his personal spirit ordaimonion: You have often heard me speak of an oracle or sign which comes to me. History rewritten: Europeans were "born" in the Bronze Age This gave them a significant advantage over other cultures. Humans on Horseback - harvardmagazine.com Other types of cereal imprints, such as einkorn wheat, soft dwarf wheat, and barley, have been also found. They passed the curving arc of the Carpathian Mountains and left the Balkans behind, eventually traveling all the way to the Great Hungarian Plain. Some have seen the beginning of the horse sacrifice in these remains, but this interpretation has not been more definitely substantiated. History of Drug Use with Religion or Sacred Rituals possibly 58,000 years ago? [2] It was discovered during archaeological excavations in 1973 near the village of Syezzheye () near Bogatoye. . Brothers follow brothers, nieces follow aunts, and cousins follow cousins. This scenario is associated with a proposed primary split between, (53004000 years BP) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the northeast edge of the, proposes a split around 6000 years BP, with Chinese-speakers settling along the Yellow River and other groups migrating south down the, Recent research indicates a common origin of the, . Sanskrit is not even native for Indians and used for centuries only for religious purposes . In antiquity, several sky goddesses in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Near East were called, . Paganism was originally a pejorative and derogatory term for polytheism, implying its inferiority. WikiZero zgr Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu . "The Yamnaya culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans, and the Pontic-Caspian steppe is the strongest candidate for the Urheimat . They often are consideredsacredaccounts and can be found in nearly all knownreligious traditions. Many European cultures retained house spirits into the modern period. However, even in this model, the remaining terms still stand. Between 2010-2012 I worked in the Limerick City Archives. Yamanaya people were pastoralists who relied on herding sheep, goats, and cattle. The cattle bones yielded lower and more variable values (5.8 to 9.3 ; range 3.5 ) than those of the sheep/goat (7.8 to 10.2 ; range 2.4 ; with an outlier with . Creation myths also help to orient human beings in the world, giving them a sense of their place in the world and the regard that they must have for humans and nature.ref. The Yamnaya diet was based on milk and dairy products. How it is possible that Russian and Sanskrit are descendants from English and Latin? Thanks to the sequencing of the genomes, we are better able to understand prehistoric Europe. Paganism: spread of Haplogroup J and its Seeming connection of Bull Worship, Pre-Pottery Neolithic (10000 6500 BCE) and Pottery Neolithic (70005000 BCE), 12,000-year-old Gobekli Tepe: first human-made pagan temple. At present I am a. The Yamnaya (Pit-grave) culture was succeeded in its western range by the Catacomb culture (28002200BCE or 4,821-4,221 years ago); in the east, by the Poltavka culture (27002100BCE or 4,721-4,121 years ago) at the middle Volga. Wikizero - Poltavka culture [1] The Proto-Indo-European homeland is often linked to one or more of these cultures. The genetic sequencing of individuals is changing how we view the genetic turnover of the Late Neolithic period. Our data thus suggest a WesternEurasian steppeorigin for at least part of the ancient Xinjiang population. Who were the Groups migrating and merging with the previous Groups of Europe? By applying the alternative, Indo-Slavic model, it is possible to relegate the latter two terms to the most recent subnode of the family, so as to deprive them of their core Indo-European status. Fourth, is the window dressing and stylings to the house: decorated with the webs religious Dogmatic-Propaganda. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently ~3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. In the late 3rd millennium BCE, military-oriented stockbreeding societies emerged in Eastern Central Asia (Sayan-Altai and Mongolia). The Max Planck Institute reports that this suggests that genetic dispersal was a complex process, involving the gradual mixture of parallel, highly genetically structured societies.. They also hunted deer and wild game. What is their relationship to humans? There is no indisputable evidence of riding, but there were horse burials, the earliest in the Old World. But knowing this must have happened is one thing; identifying the precise ways it happened, when, who moved, and for what reasons is much more difficult. The Yamnaya culture was instrumental in the rise of the Indo-Europeans. Some of these sites are currently under excavation. (which is also the main paternal lineage of Amerindians) was also found in the Proto-Indo-European Khvalynsk culture in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe, the precursor of the Yamna culture. In Zoroastrianism, two four-eyed dogs guard the bridge to the afterlife calledChinvat Bridge. , who defended theories of animistic origins of ancestor worship, . Paganism is not a traditional religion per se because it does not have any official doctrine, but it does have some common characteristics joining the great variety of traditions. (2009) also reports a surprisingly high frequency of M458 in someNorthern Caucasianpopulations (for example 27.5% amongKarachaysand 23.5% amongBalkars, 7.8% amongKaranogaysand 3.4% amongAbazas). ref, HaplogroupN1cis found chiefly in north-eastern Europe, particularly in Finland (61%), Lapland (53%), Estonia (34%), Latvia (38%), Lithuania (42%), and northern Russia (30%), and to a lower extent also in central Russia (15%), Belarus (10%), eastern Ukraine (9%), Sweden (7%), Poland (4%) and Turkey (4%).

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