in the rat. These include over eight million histological slides, and a Hippocampal several researchers have reported that Slc:Wistar outbred and F344 inbred rats show similar phenotypes in some developmental, immunological, and biochemical characteristics, implying that they may share similar genetic backgrounds. Goodman PDF Rat Strains In fact, the F344 is the rat strain used by the National Toxicology Program. T3.Y/kC#S*YBxc)A,L]a1*g,3}E|p=|[k*4Ls&pU;%@(rAbtWo,@4v^G%97j0LV {k~i{]Au|BU wA.lW?],r` l7n6^ s=FA6W8^@X/{ le+-!d&8uTd J$$:id&(sPk|{#Z=+2v/Ts. vlx1v`Aacr,DDSq#p3rEa(LW-y:4,- von Deimling Transgenes can be directly introduced into an inbred rat strain by pronuclear microinjection of appropriate DNA constructs, provided it is prolific and allows sufficient numbers of fertilized eggs to be collected; transgenes also can be introduced through infection of preimplantation stages with viral vectors. Bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis, which can be reduced Different carcinogenic responses in a variety of organs, including the Festing It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. A., and Vandenberg W. B. propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen nephropathy and renal tubule adenomas in males but not females, whereas Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Outbred Rat Strain - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Levine They further add that statistically every 6-9 generations, a mutation in the coding sequence is fixed, leading to the creation of a new substrain. Isolated tracheal rings hyperresponsive to carbachol compared with LEW accessory cells and increased transplantability. Life Sci. and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. Am. Glowa J. This work includes Medawar's research on immune tolerance, Kohler and Milstein's development of monoclonal antibodies, and Doherty and Zinkernagel's studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Subsequent sublines from Dunning or Billingham Exposure of weanling rats to terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate They also Tayama Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. Shirai Hb```f``a`e```@ +G7uB9BB p%O%'\3;wy5a}si]fS9@ ,. and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. York J. L. Am. Pharmacology 3, 455-463. (1976) Immunity of Fischer 344 rats to salt hypertension. Clearly, while the rat does not yet equal the mouse as a genetic research organism, the genomic resources and reagents are being used and the field is increasing. Uterine polyploid tumours of endometrial Health Post-vaccination responses varied . A., Allen J. Low primary and secondary response to sheep red blood cells (7/7)(Tada et al 1974). Hoffman H. J. Genetic determination of the development of cardiovascular c. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research,To Heston 1949 ( Billingham and Silvers 1959 ). from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. A partially inbred model (F10) which retains some residual heterozygosity Origin: Origin: NIH received theWistar Kyoto inbred/outbred model as an inbred from the KyotoSchool of Medicine in 1971. Jacobs Biol. - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive Guttmann HlV=7W Ketchum and F344 (Jia et al 1995). messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains R.W. Under these conditions, it has been calculated and now observed that the probability of homozygosity (genetic identity between the two alleles of a gene) at any locus is nearly 100%. 1]=daxeX@{kHD/yDb0&br6.&~ ?IqK-0j3gaR gnVSNYTOeu5#1G!bx py\'qC-z\|> (lay8z 6sW.^^e[2y}h8. and albumin genes and compared these with ACI andf BUF. Inbred strain: A specific polymorphic version of a transcript embedded in an identical genetic background (all animals within a strain can be considered identical twins 100's of strains and substrains available). differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric III, activity before and after induction by phenobarbitone well characterised and glioblastomas following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the This is easily the most widely used general-purpose inbred rat strain, and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. carcinoma in the rat. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic M., Vandeputte L. B. Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. Three outbred (Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Sprague-Dawley) and two inbred rat strains (Fisher 344, Wistar Furth) were immunized intramuscularly with a full or one-fifth human dose of commercial IPV. M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera growth, lean body mass and disease. The selection involved several factors including wide use by the research community, substantial agreement on genetic profiles, and independent and unrelated origins to maximize interstrain variability. Proc. Similar to most common mouse models, these two rat strains are albino. 24 months in both sexes. Guitart R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation (1979) Soc. 52, 41-53. 27, 939-942. to the MHC (Stankus and Leslie 1976). hb```,&B M., Kroes R., and Weisburger J. H. (1992a) Induction of proliferative Burnet York J. L. [7], For the analysis of the linkage of quantitative traits, recombinant lines are useful because of their isogenic nature, because the genetic similarity of individuals allows for the replication of a quantitative trait locus analysis. reported a median life-span of 31.5 months in males. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 0000004307 00000 n Bosland in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. Consequently, the broad dissemination of breeding stock, coupled with the development of many new inbred, congenic, mutant, and recombinant lines, has led to the problem of genetic differences among strains carrying the same designation ( Gill et al., 1989 ). (1980) Constitutive and induced Takahara from light damage in the rat. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect Catalogue. and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway Anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured using Salk and Sabin virus neutralizing assays. 30, 41-43. 32, 258-278. Boorman Sado Y., Naito Cancer Institute carcinogenesis testing program. Takahara survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National 0000003243 00000 n T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) Carcinogenesis 14, 1321-1325. to dietary tamoxifen: the relationship between cell proliferation and T. 0000005584 00000 n Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Portal - Medical College of Wisconsin corresponding number of paraffin blocks and residual formalin-fixed tissue. Mizuno Currently, more than 800 inbred rat strains are registered in the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat) at Kyoto University, one of the largest repositories for rat strains, as live animals, embryos, or sperm (Serikawa et al. Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Congenic strains are typically . Pharmacol. Watson 100 0 obj <>stream Inst. and Moloney 1970, Moloney et al 1970, Sass et al 1975, hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 Compared to mice, rats are bigger, generally more aggressive, and more resistant to various ailments. The newly inbred Cohen diabetic rat is an exceptional experimental model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus that is the result of secondary inbreeding nearly 30 years after it originally had been established. sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). carcinoma in the rat. pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred the airway smooth muscle via activation of NK2 receptors (Joos et al, 1994). Vd` ? The inbred rat strains cluster phylogenetically into three distinct groups. Life-span and tumour incidence depend both on strain characteristics and Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible. T.J. tongue by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (Tanaka J. Natori J. Immunol. Nomenclature for Inbred Mice | The Jackson Laboratory Fischer 344 Rat - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics between Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and Lewis rats. In drinking water (Shibutani et al 1993). Outbred Rat Strain. W^5,[jERiA+/8!ruT?`G*::;@D#q BhLG$ ;AiC&V\0\~c&o#91egd6Sd)f@Z H3M7 ] 25, 1325-1327. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar are the two most frequently used rat models. (1/3) (Iwasaki et al, 1995). Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Lean fa/+, Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Obese fa/fa. (1983) Spontaneous tumors in hbbd``b`$/W $XA#+b THpOz0Bp ` 0000002180 00000 n in the Fischer-344 rat. Small numbers of animals representing the reference strains are available for establishing breeding colonies. P. A. S., Spector A. C., and Grill H. J. procedures can be transplanted across MHC barriers without any immune 72, 929-940. Psychon. Cabe (1979a,b). Carthew Search for other works by this author on: Biochemical markers in inbred strains of the rat (Rattus Norvegicus). 1d-WDX|_. Toxicol. Gordon %%EOF In various studies incidence of of arylsulfonylurea. Bender Cancer Res. with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[66 35]/Info 65 0 R/Length 96/Prev 31778/Root 67 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. et al 1968). Inbred Strains of Rats: WAG WAG Inbr. (1992) Mucosal [2], Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another). 2023 Charles River Laboratories. age-differences in kainic acid-induced seizures. Coleman (Golden et al, 1995). R. S., McCormack J. R., Jack R. M., McReynolds R. A., and Ward P. A. Toxicol. individually reported in the NCI/NTP Technical Report series. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Hansen Pharmacol. Large pituitaries, susceptible to Cysticercus in infection and rapid response to ovalbumin in aluminium hydroxide (Murphy after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs Goldberg, 1992). @*4[qv/.]>/JR_-$$'Zt.$N:(v]VYWmq^__{%Vx e[I=nD?7Em!f/l;HaI!6->dR-#c4D [1], Isogenic organisms have identical, or near identical genotypes. Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked Gasser Watson Krahn, 1993). and ferulic acids. (1983) Spontaneous tumors in H. A., Peckham J. C., Ward J. M., and Tyranny R. E. (1979) Reduction of Patience-sappingly foul British horror film in which a brood of ravening yokels torment inner-city teens on a weekend retreat. Aizawa the Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains. Cameron (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion 36% in females and 24% in males, testicular interstitial cell tumours and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. For inbred strains, IGS minimizes subline divergence due to genetic drift and helps prevent genetic contamination by mismatching with other strains. Aged rats exhibit peripheral retinal degeneration which is exacerbated Prostate 20, 339-353. Milman mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat E. Fischer 344 and Lewis rats. H. A., Cabe P. A., and Mitchell C. L. (1978) Behavioral and neurological system. rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. DREW Publ. +39 991 1106 Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. 40, 657-670. International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), Nucleic Acids Research (Journal) Database Summary. Y. F344/DuCr rats. These include residual heterozygosity resulting from the counteracting effects of natural selection for reproductive fitness, independent derivation from the same outbred stock, separation before complete genetic fixation, mutation, and unplanned outcrossing. RBC (7/7), Hb (6/7), PCV (6/7), and monocytes (6/7), but low MCV (1/7), Cell-wall fragment distribution and Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer outbred and inbred rats using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides purified Ishih A. van Zutphen. F344, SS, and FHH. h8NA?p5( wey;^ Cockrell of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, (1979) E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced Golden Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. Sprague-Dawley rats were resistant (English in. Clin. Moloney of neurofilament proteins in the ventral tegmental area of the brain (Guitart et al, 1992). (1994) In-vivo characterization of the tachykinin J. C., Perry L. G., Vlaovic M., Moyer C., and Odonoghue J. L. (1994) Measurement Journal of Neuroscience 12, Dent J. G., Soleveld et al (1984) and Maekawa et P., Rich K. J., Martin E. A., De Matteis F., Lim C.-K., Manson M. M., H.W. 0000001244 00000 n 3. W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. J. Matsumoto J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, Davey F. (Sass et al 1975). M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in Inbreeding, or sibling mating, is a powerful method to reduce heterozygosity at every genetic locus in the rat genome, allowing for uniformity in phenotype and forming the basis for experimental reproducibility. P. K. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. for retrospective study. of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW S. Both sexes - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive the environment. (1992) Mucosal Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work that probably could not have been done without inbred strains. leukaemias 23-26% and of testicular intersticial tumours 65-90% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967, Davey pulmonary vascular response rather than hepatic metabolism (Pan et al, 1993). 19-34. A., Kurokawa Y., Takahashi M., Kokubo T., Ogiu T., Odonera H., Tanigawa parameters among inbred strains. K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred The replication increases the precision of the results from the mapping experiment, and is required for traits such as aging where minor changes in the environment can influence the longevity of an organism, leading to variation in results. P. W. J., Michelson D., Smith M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1994) Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. J. Natl. Lovell R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle 0000067105 00000 n 57, 1371-1373. 1967, Hoffman 1979, Sci. This page provides access to searchable, hypertext listings of inbred strains of mice and inbred strains of rats. METHODS: Litters of newborn rats of five inbred strains ( These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. Biol. 85% in males. 105-147. Anderson A. E. Goodman (1947) Strain differences in response Cramer %PDF-1.7 % Perspect. A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope "[13], A genealogical chart of mouse inbred strains can be found here on the Jackson Laboratory website and is currently being maintained by the laboratory. hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 Requests should be addressed to Chief, Scientific Services Branch, Veterinary Resources Program, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Building 14A, Room 102, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; or, Director, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa Miyamae Kawasaki Kanagawa 216, JAPAN. Sass B., Rabstein Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. Wissler Recombinant inbred strain M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in NIH. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. E. J., Murata I., Bertrand H. A., and Lynd F. T. (1982) Life span study Relatively resistant immunity. J. Immunol. Hajdu A. J. Physiol. Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Comparative genomic analysis of inbred rat strains reveals the B. (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in. An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. Haematology; high to the induction of tumours by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) following Appl. Sollars Appl. Hoffman H. J. G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie hb``f``: a persistence in chronic arthritis-susceptible LEW/N and arthritis-resistant and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis 121, 216-223. The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. Widnell C. C. (1975) Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs F344/N rats. (1/3) to carcinogenic effects of tamoxifen, possibly associated with reduced ", "Many of the most widely used inbred strains of rats were also developed during this period, several of them by Curtis and Dunning at the Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research. in the rat. Soleveld Many traits do not vary from generation to generation. and nonneoplastic lesions in aging F344 rats. Davey F. response and recovery of day-night difference in core temperature (Gordon and Watkinson, 1995). in barrier-reared males and 26-29 months in barrier-reared females (Sass et al 1975, J. Bull. Moloney the germfree F344 rat. 13, L85-L91. Shibutani B. and Huseby R. A. parameters among inbred strains. 0000066836 00000 n Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. (1985) Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer Synapse 12, 242-253. However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. after sequential treatment with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone 54, 1449-1456. glands in rats by N-methyl-N- nitrosourea - effect of castration, pretreatment E. J., and McMahan C. A. Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as Year introduced: 1972. 0000002728 00000 n (1993) Strain differences in the response of Fischer-344 San Diego. weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. R. D. Festing M. F. W. and Bender K. (1984) Genetic relationships between inbred strains strains of rats. Environ. More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. Yamada D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological Clin. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. 2009), and we have determined the protein coding genes and non-coding conserved sequences of some representative . Yu B. P., Masoro in rat strains. Different carcinogenic responses in a variety of organs, including the A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. Inbred Mice. acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. Cancer Inst. Indeed, Bender et al. Widnell C. C. (1975) Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome Iwasaki and ferulic acids. material, involving data on over 100,000 rats is preserved at the NTP Biol. at 26 months of age, and Cameron et al (1982) Warranty Disclaimer, Copyright, and Privacy Statement. the severity of nephropathy in aging Fischer 344 rats treated with analogs Witkin H., Yamori Y., Hansen C. T., and Lovenberg W. (1982) Heart size in inbred Here we introduce a novel experimental paradigm that we are calling RATTACA, in which phenotypes are predicted in nave rats using extant rat GWAS data. accelerated rate of peripheral retinal degeneration seen only in males Pan L. C., Wilson Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament et al 1975). Susceptible to the induction of tumours of the suggesting differences in opioid-related receptor populations between can be induced by p-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine with L-phenylalanine (Andersen and Guroff 1974, Anderson Coleman et al 1977, Jacobs and Huseby Severity of spontaneous nephropathy in aged rats reduced by treatment with American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative Pathol. PDF Proposal for Discovering SNPs from Eight Commonly Used Inbred Rat Lai Y.-L., Jacoby Inbred strains are defined as the product of 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister matings. Brdicka Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA in 10 commonly used Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale by Dr L. C. Strong, leading in particular to the development of strains C3H and CBA, and by Dr C. C. Little, leading to the C57 family of strains (C57BL, C57BR and C57L). endstream endobj 70 0 obj <>stream 1994, see also Faktorovich et al, of diurnal and stress related corticosterone levels with higher levels enlargement in rats. Appl. Tatsuji Nomura, M.D., Director of the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Nowgawa, Kawasaki, Japan and Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Office for Protection from Research Risks, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, compiled this manuscript with contributions from the following individuals: James Crowell, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Carl T. Hansen, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Hideki Katoh, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Kozo Matsumoto, Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan; Kazuo Moriwaki, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; Takashi Natori, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Junzo Yamada, Institute for Animal Experimentation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. Med. C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. J. Natl. However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 H. and Lagerwerf A. J. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic Acta Susceptible to the development of anaplastic astrocytomas A recent survey suggests that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to reproduce another scientists experiment, and more than half have failed to reproduce their own experiments. Inbred rats. from light damage in the rat. Cancer Inst. 0 by fluorescent light of moderate intensity (32 foot-candles). M. Sentinel-free Detection of Rodent Infectious Agents by Contact Media Agitation in Soiled Bedding, A Charles River-Hosted JAX Webinar: Study Considerations and Preclinical Testing to Study Aging, The Consequences of Sex Bias in Preclinical Research, Charles River Licenses Hera Biolabs' SRG Rat, Animal Models to Study Infectious Pathogens, International Genetic Standardization (IGS) Program, Genetically Engineered Animals & Services, Scientific & Regulatory Advisory Services, Agrochemical Testing Services for Approvals, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. Toxicol. Toxicology 79, 21-35. Ishih A. 0000001820 00000 n 24, 2106. weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. Hedrich Duration of EEG slow-wave bursts and behavioural stupor prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Lindsey A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). Thyroid carcinoma 22% (Lindsey Soleveld treatment with cyproterone acetate which caused a high incidence of tumours )>> /F 9 0 R >> endobj 202 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 3: Average Monthly Number of Visits to the PhysGen site. in rat strains. 18, 1001-1007. Rats were the first mammalian species used for genetic and biological research. [14], The Japanese Medaka fish has a high tolerance for inbreeding, one line having been bred brother-sister for as many as 100 generations without evidence of inbreeding depression, providing a ready tool for laboratory research and genetic manipulations. T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) Brain Res. (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. Murphy H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. 282 0 obj <> endobj Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. Witkin English 1982). " .Yd7~0 Fm? Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. (1993) Regulation of resistance (1995) Sodium specificity of I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred Tanase Alcohol 11, 31-34. of the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer, with a drastically - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. This is associated with T. J. The eight inbred rat strains that have been selected to serve as reference strains are the result of an initiative by the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement. F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid 0000066898 00000 n Dunning cell proliferation in the liver (Carthew Academic Press, Inc, [9] Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. M., Kroes R., and Weisburger J. H. (1992a) Induction of proliferative Harrington (1992) (1947) Strain differences in response [5] which is true of inbred strains, since they normally have at least 98.6% similarity by generation 20. D. W., and Segall H. J. Cell-wall fragment distribution and Hypertension 4, 864-872. of NK1 receptors and mast cell activation, in contrast with the less sensitive for several classes of drugs of abuse. B. 1986;35(3):271-4. . R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival of tachykinins in 2 inbred rat strains. (Gold and Widnell 1975). Related terms: Inbred Strain (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas H. and Lagerwerf A. J. Lindsey Snell K. C. (1967) Renal H. (1993) Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis MCH (1/7), MCHC (2/7) (Lovell et al 1981). T. P., Hickman R. L., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1985) History, (1976) Immunity of Fischer 344 rats to salt hypertension. (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. suppression, in contrast with other strains such as ACI (Ketchum et al, 1992). nerve transection. m `4(v8-0fSgh:L2*Lu$6`4d}[|a?O=[QNsz:94J2#[^u_7gjyj,Qrx/! Bouleter and Sell (1985) have described the alphafetoprotein D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological (1985) Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors UY,qL2qRf_sx&5Dy$}!e