Revolutionary War Militia Overview - Pennsylvania Historical & Museum General Nathanael Greene had taken over command of the American Continental Army in the South. Much of the 1862 Yorktown battlefield encompasses the 1781 battlefield of the American Revolution. Isaac Deal v3.0, Household troops, cavalry, guards, regular infantry, special regiments and corps, colonial troops, foreign legions and regiments, and regimental, brigade and other depots, From 1816 to 1856, the musters are principally of the Royal Corps of Sappers and Miners, and list only NCOs and other ranks. Box 210 Yorktown, VA 23690 Phone: 757 898-2410 Contact Us $99.99 Add to Favorites . The Allied armies marched hundreds of miles from their headquarters north of New York City to Yorktown, making theirs the largest troop movement of the American Revolution. Siege and Surrender of Yorktown, Sept.-Oct., 1781. Knox assigned Lafayette one company each from the 2nd and 3rd Continental Artillery Regiments under Capt. Within each category the records are arranged as follows: U.S., Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970, U.S., Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, 1800-1900, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. 19, 1781 Althause is my To prevent the British defenders from escaping the coming onslaught, Lt. Col. John Laurenss troops cover the rear of the redoubt. On receiving word that the French fleet will be available for a siege south of New Jersey,Washington and Rochambeau move their force of almost 8,000 men south to Virginia, planning to join and lead about 12,000 other militia, French troops, and Continental troops in a siege of Yorktown. Lambs second-in-command was Lt. Col. Ebenezer Stevens and for the southern campaign Knox augmented the regiments staff with Maj. Sebastian Bauman, then commanding the artillery at West Point. Private 1832, he says that there are in his department no rolls of the State troops except those of Virginia, and no rolls of the militia except those of New Hampshire. 19, 1781 This Site All NPS Download the official NPS app before your next visit. Each series is searchable in Discovery, our catalogue. Those of the Italian Legion no longer survive. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. PA Revolutionary War Records from Archives. $179.99 Add to Favorites . 3, (Winter 2010), The whole operation had consumed fewer than ten minutes., READ MORE:How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown. . 19, 1781 present The password for the operation is Rochambeau, which the Americans translate as Rush on boys! The assault commences with a diversionary attack on a redoubt further to the north of Yorktown at 6:30 p.m., giving the appearance that the town itself was to be stormed. [18], Daily reports by the field officer of the batteries were required to mention casualties as well as ammunition consumed. Colonial National Historical Park - Yorktown Battlefield P.O. Hence it was with a certain element of understatement that Knoxs thanks to his men asserted that the skill of his artillery had brought home to our enemies that the officers of the American Artillery have acquired a respectable portion of knowledge in the profession.[21]. Benedict Arnold. Capt. John Cadwalader. Search the history of over 806 billion died Oct. 21, 1781 General Knox ordered Colonel Lamb to take charge of transporting the artillery and supplies, including captured pieces, to Philadelphia and the 2nd Continental Artillery accompanied the guns there before going into winter quarters at Burlington, New Jersey. 40, no. on the Internet. These forces were formed as a result of the Enlistment of Foreigners Act 1854 and they became known collectively as the British Foreign Legion. 19, 1781 Alex Collins see also my Artillery at Yorktown: A Statistical Overview (Part 2 of 2) The Brigade Dispatch. American Revolution: Battle of Yorktown - Ducksters The British still had 30,000 men in North America, occupying the seaports of New York, Charles Town and Savannah, according to Taylor. Specifying only 160 militiamen suggests that Knox had determined he needed a total of 420 auxiliaries, since there were plenty of militiamen available to him at Yorktown. Hockman John Mackenzie A-024. Most of the muster rolls that have survived were made up just before the men were discharged from duty. Oct . 19, 1781 The files can contain a wide variety of records submitted to support an application. Francis Bilas Private On June 17, 1775, as British redcoats marched up the heights of Bunker Hill outside of Boston, Massachusetts, they were met with a hail of musketry from the defenders of the earthen redoubt. . [12], Most of the artillery had been hauled from Trebells Landing across the peninsula six miles to the artillery park by October 6 allowing Knoxs men to concentrate on completing the batteries and moving guns and mortars into them. Fredk. Dodging heavy fire, they let out war whoops that startled their enemies. 70-104-1 (Washington: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2007), 43; Robert Arthur, The End of a Revolution (New York: Vantage Press, 1965), 159. The Childers reforms of 1881 (a process which began with the Cardwell reforms of the 1870s) led to major changes within infantry (foot) regiments: The arrangement of WO 16 reflects the re-organisation of the army following the Cardwell-Childers reforms. These records can be an excellent source for names, dates, locations, and family relationships. Some or all of the recommended publications below may be available to buy from The National Archives shop. The Siege of Yorktown was the culminating act of the Yorktown campaign, a series of military operations occupying much of 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. Italso cemented Washingtons reputation as a great leader and eventual election as first president of the United States. Knox brought together the four elements described above in a Corps of Artillery at Yorktown. The musters, service records and attestation papers of the German and Swiss Legions are in WO 15, searchable by regiment in our catalogue. Capt. Colonial National Historical Park preserves the Yorktown Battlefield, one of the most pivotal Revolutionary War battlefields and a must-see for any Revolutionary War enthusiast. The 1st Continental Artillery Regiment, raised in Virginia and commanded by Col. Charles Harrison, had marched from New York in April 1780 to the support of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, whose force was under siege at Charleston, South Carolina. Oct . This guide provides advice on finding records held at The National Archives known as muster rolls, pay lists and description books. Prior to General Greene's command, the war in the South had not . From 1888 onwards, the series contains only muster rolls, there are no longer any pay lists and by 1898 muster rolls were no longer kept by the War Office either. Records of some soldiers children may be found among the papers of the Duke of Yorks School and the Royal Hibernian School in WO 143, from 1801. John Atlhause This database contains applications for membership in the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution approved between 1889 and 31 December 1970. We dont know. l Thomas Quint The defenders were a motley collection of colonists, from various New England colonies. Research Guide: Crew Lists and Muster Rolls - Navy Ibid. Oct . Aerial | Battle Of Yorktown 4-1, 1 Box - Phantom Fireworks Loyalist Institute: Queen's American Rangers, Cavalry Officers - Brandwares 19, 1781 Records in this collection are arranged into three categories . Later, it is said that the British band played the tune The Worlds Turned Upside Down during the surrender at Yorktownan apocryphal story that has become part of American folklore. Aerial Assortments. bunna@archive.org One of the most beautiful courses in Virginia, the run is entirely on the Yorktown Battlefield tour roads, with scenic views of woods, meadows, fields and creeks. October 19. 10Washington ordered the use of bayonets, rather than pounding them slowly into submission with cannon, writes Ron Chernow in Alexander Hamilton. The American Revolution | National Archives The Battle of Yorktown was the last great battle of the American Revolutionary War. Ensign Knoxs order for ricochet firing may account for many of the unexploded shells since fuses could have been damaged or torn out from ground contact before the shells exploded. How to search for musters and pay lists c.1730-1878, 4. [9], Knox undoubtedly knew before he left New York that he would not have trained gunners sufficient for the number of pieces of siege artillery he planned to take to Yorktown, and this muster provided confirmation. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. The 3rd Regiment had been raised primarily in Massachusetts. The new line is in place by the morning of October 12. Cowpens, in its part in the Revolution, was a surprising victory and a turning point that changed the psychology of the entire war. I've attached Muster Roll of John Althause's Company of New Forty percent of the American rounds fired were from mortars and howitzers, accounting for nearly seventy percent of the weight of metal fired. redoubts) with artillery batteries and connecting trenches. [7] Washington to Brig. and The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. To identify state and military unit of interest . Historic Valley Forge: Who served here Counting only those in the first parallel yields a total of thirty-eight pieces. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799 . The successful siege allowed the allies to complete the second parallel trench and snuffed out the last remains of resistance among the British. In a final effort on October 16, Cornwallis attempted a nighttime sea evacuation, but he was stopped by a storm. Not at Yorktown surrender. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. You may want to start by searching for a person's Military Service Records and Pension and Bounty Land records. Outnumbered and outfought during a three-week siege in which they sustained great losses, British troops surrendered to the Continental Army and their French allies. Ludwig That contingent was further weakened due to a September 23 altercation between Duffy and another officer, leading to Duffys arrest, court martial, and dismissal from the service on October 12. He would fool Clinton into thinking the Continentals were planning to attack New York while instead sneaking away to the south to attack Cornwallis, according to the Army Heritage Center Foundation. [6], Washington next ordered Brig. [12] John Bell Tilden, Extracts from the Journal of Lieutenant John Bell Tilden, Second Pennsylvania Line, 1781-1782, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 19 (1895): 60; Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 9-17, 1781; Octavius Pickering, Life of Timothy Pickering (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1867), 1: 305; Sims, Military Career of John Lamb, 139. Oct . Serious fighting ensues in close quarters, but the British are overwhelmed. York The 100 Best American Revolution Books of All Time, Reaction to the 1775 Gunpowder Episode by the Independent Company of Albemarle County, Colonel Lewis Nicola: Soldier, Scientist and Man of Letters (part 2), Richard Gridley: A Nearly Forgotten Patriot, David Wooster Kept the Men at Quebec: Giving Credit to a Much-Maligned General, Signals and Pilots: Cooperating with the French Fleet, 1778, This Week on Dispatches: Stuart Lyall Manson on Securing Provisions for American Loyalists in the Upper Saint Lawrence, Sons of Britannia: New Yorks Triumvirate from Colony to Revolution, This Week on Dispatches: Mike Matheny on Remembering Horatio Gates, How Pennsylvania Counties Paid Their Taxes to Congress, Detachment of the 1st Continental Artillery Regiment 44, Entire 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment 242, Detachment of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment 25, Detachment of the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment 71. If a soldier did not receive an army pension then these may be the only records that survive for him. By October 17 most of the British artillery facing the allied forces had been silenced and Cornwallis had taken nearly 500 casualties. At that time, musicians played in the regiment in which they enlisted, not in a large massed band. The first entry for a recruit in a muster book usually gives his age, place of enlistment and trade. Credit: Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images, How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown, https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/siege-of-yorktown. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! George Haines The Field Officer of the Trenches was also supposed to report daily on the apparent effect on the enemys works of the bombardment, but the fact that none of the nine reports contain such information indicates that the damage to the British works was obvious. Aerial Assortments. When the latter moved his army to Yorktown in August Lafayette followed and positioned his force, including Savages artillery, to block any attempt by Cornwallis to escape once he became aware of his isolation. This engagement further weakened British attempts to wrest the southern colonies from American control. The detachment of the 1st Continental Artillery remained in Virginia, while that of the 4th Continental Artillery joined Gen. Nathanael Greenes Army in the Carolinas. Cowpens Battle Facts and Summary | American Battlefield Trust Assault upon Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. . [1] Robert Selig, The March to Victory: Washington, Rochambeau, and the Yorktown Campaign of 1781, CMH Pub. The files that make up these records consist of 10" x 14" cards or 10" x 14" envelopes that can contain documents relating to an application for a pension or bounty-land warrant by a Revolutionary War veteran, his widow, or his heirs. There are also description books for the Royal Artillery, 1749-1863 and 1773-1876, in WO 54/260-309 and WO 69/74-80, respectively, and for the Royal Irish Artillery, 1756-1774, in WO 69/620. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Lists numbers of prisoners taken 19 October 1781 in the British surrender of Yorktown (excluding marine prisoners). One observer, Feltman, The Journal of Lt. William Feltman, 21, counted twenty-seven American and thirty-three French artillery pieces (not counting the leftmost French battery) in the batteries on October 18. The number of pieces of French ordnance deployed at Yorktown is difficult to determine with complete confidence. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Private Analysis of the Muster Rolls. Voluntary military service is contractual, so it's a type of indentured servitude. Our work has been featured by the New York Times, TIME magazine, History Channel, Discovery Channel, Smithsonian, Mental Floss, NPR, and more. Michael Rayen Private 6 1782 Sick at F Wayne left York, Pennsylvania in late May and joined Lafayette in central Virginia on June 11. There were casualties in equipment also: two 18-pounders burst; one 10-inch mortar was disabled; and one howitzer was dismounted. Yorktown Virtual Tour | American Battlefield Trust Sick at F Sick at F Rolling Thunder. This series is arranged in three chronological segments (18601879, 18801891, and 18921900), and thereunder alphabetically by the vessel name. Sick at F Sick at F George Washington's Integrated Army - American Battlefield Trust 19, 1781 While he awaits supplies and much-needed reinforcements from the Royal Navy, the Continental Army seizes an opportunity. [2], The regiment that marched south was comprised of seven companies, raised primarily in New York, whose captains were: Thomas Bliss; John Doughty; George Fleming; Thomas Machin; Gershom Mott; Jacob Reed; and William Stevens. September 21, 1781, GLC02437.01186, and A General Return of the American Artillery & Stores Appropriated thereto with the Army in Virginia Sept 22, 1781, GLC02437.01187, GLI; Revolutionary War Pension Application W9944 for William Madison, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC, Record Group 15, Records of the Veterans Administration, microfilm publication M804, Fold3.com website, accessed January 15, 2015 (location cited hereafter as RWPA). Search New Jersey Revolutionary War Rolls, . In 1776 the available militia in Virginia is thought to have been about 45,000 men; It is where the British Army surrendered and the British government began to consider a peace treaty. 10. John Cochran. One of the militiamen, Peter Peiner, died after being wounded during the day beginning October 16, for a total of four killed and five wounded among the artillerymen out of the total American casualties of twenty-four killed and sixty-five wounded. Blindfolded and brought inside American lines, the British officer secures terms of surrender for the British Army. Fix Bayonets: The Revolutions Climactic Assault at Yorktown, The Southern Theater of the American Revolution, Baumans Plan of the Investment of York and Gloucester, Yorktown | Assaults on Redoubts 9 and 10 | Oct 14, 1781. Can she solve the mysteries of the past and the present before disaster strikes? On the American side, George Washington touches off the first cannon to commence their assault. Brown, The American Campaigns of Rochambeaus Army 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972), 1:33; Claude C. Sturgill, ed., Rochambeaus Memoire de la Guerre en Amerique, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 78 (Jan. 1970): 61; Marquis de Chastellux, Travels in North America, in the Years 1780, 1781, and 1782 (London: G.G. Muster Rolls, 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment, September 1781, found at fold3.com, accessed January 15, 2017. Join us online July 24-26! Dead But the world truly changes that day as the military operations of the War for Independence cease. [3] It accompanied the artillery and supplies brought from New York on the march south through New Jersey to Trenton. In a field outside of Yorktown, the capitulation takes place as British troops and their Hessian allies, with flags furled and cased, march sullenly between contingents of American and French forces. Every purchase supports the mission. John Althause and John Ludwig De Beck and John Oct . Reports of numbers of artillery pieces in batteries added after that date are inconsistent. Physicians and Surgeons with Washington at Valley Forge. [Return of prisoners taken at the surrender of the British garrisons of National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior. In 1777, a delegation headed by Benjamin Franklin arrived at the court of Louis XVI to negotiate an alliance between the United States and France. Cornwallis received the unfortunate (for him) news that Clinton's departure from New York had been delayed.. Oct . Knoxs direction to use ricochet firing and the extensive use of howitzers and mortars reduced the need for observing precisely where each round landed, facilitating night firing. Thomas Lynch Montgomery, ed., Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series (Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Company, 1906), 3:1021, records that among the wounded artillerymen was Henry Love of Pennsylvania who lost a leg during the siege. The British Army marched out with colours cased, and drums beating a British or a German march. Their forces were well-equipped and expertly trained. Portions of these and perhaps other companies, serving under Captain Coleman, reported to General Knox when he arrived in Williamsburg in September. . By October 9, 1781 tens of thousands of manhours had been expended building fortifications and batteries in the first parallel and hauling siege weapons across the peninsula from the James River to the Yorktown lines. George Hunter An analysis of pension applications by members of the 2nd Continental Artillery shows that the majority enlisted in New York. [Muster rolls, etc., 1743-1787] by Montgomery, Thomas Lynch, 1862- Publication date 1906 Topics Pennsylvania. containing company and regimental muster and pay rolls of the regiments of the Connecticut "Line," together with numerous militia rolls and miscellaneous papers, and the large . Stevens, GLC02437.01228, GLI. Please note, a small selection of muster rolls and pay lists from WO 12 are available online via Ancestry (). 19, 1781 This muster roll is from 1782 a year after the Battle of Yorktown Virginia. American victory. In addition, there was no widely known tune at that time called The World Turned Upside Down. Finally, Article III of the Articles of Capitulation signed at Yorktown clearly states that The [British] garrisonwill march outwith shouldered arms, colours cased, anddrums beatinga British or German march. Analysis of the Legion Muster Rolls. [15], Daily details for the batteries totaled between 120 and 200 officers and men during the first five days of the siege, reflecting the fact that the Americans probably had a maximum of twenty pieces of ordnance mounted during that period. When news of Cornwalliss surrender reaches London on November 25, the Prime Minister, Lord North, declares, Oh God. The French simultaneously assault redoubt #9 and, after an equally fierce firefight, wrest control from the British. This small diverse group performed brilliantly, winning the respect of their French counterparts. Brig. Therefore, not all individuals who served in the Revolutionary War will be found in this database. This database is a collection of records kept by the National Archives listing men who fought for the colonies in the American Revolutionary War. Militia, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Regimental histories, Pennsylvania -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Registers Publisher Name The second type of service . In response, Cornwallis asked Clinton for aid, and the general promised him a fleet of 5,000 British soldiers would set sail from New York to Yorktown. We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for But the demoralizing loss at Yorktown diminished the British will to continue to fight the rebels. These give a description of each soldier, his age, place of birth, trade and service, and are in WO 25/266-688, which can be searched by regiment in our catalogue. Private To more easily find your ancestor in this collection, you'll need to know the state and military unit. Today, well preserved Union and Confederate Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. October 9. Muster rolls and pay lists contain soldiers: From 1868 to 1883 there may be quarterly lists which contain details of men becoming non-effective. All Rights Reserved. sick at F Of the four Continental artillery regiments that existed at the time, only the 2nd and 3rd were with the army in New York and the 3rd was to remain there in a defensive posture. "Oh God, it is all over!" You can search this index by using the search template above. Loyalist Institute: British Legion, Infantry Officers - Brandwares For nearly a week the artillery barrage is ceaseless, shattering whatever nerve the British have remaining and punching holes in British defenses. Muster Roll Search the online database of people who served at Valley Forge. Record types contained in this collection include: Revolutionary War American Forces included various organizations formed by the Continental Congress as well as individual states, counties, and towns. During the day beginning on October 14 American artillerymen suffered one killed and two wounded, while the next day two men were killed and three wounded. Clicking on the View Image icon on the search results or record level pages will take you to the first image of the roll that the individual is on.

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